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Glycerol Monostrearate
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Glycerol Monostearate is a multifunctional emulsifier and thickening agent that enhances texture, stability, and moisture retention in creams, lotions, and personal care formulations, delivering a smooth, velvety feel.
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General Description:
Glycerol Monostearate (commonly abbreviated as GMS) is an organic molecule derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It appears as a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder. GMS is a type of monoglyceride and is known for its emulsifying, thickening, and stabilizing properties. It is often found naturally in the body as a byproduct of fat metabolism but is usually produced synthetically or from plant and animal fats for industrial use.
Chemical Name: Glyceryl Monostearate
INCI Name: Glyceryl Stearate
CAS Number: 31566-31-1 or 123-94-4 (depending on specific grade)
Uses in the Cosmetic Industry:
- Helps mix oil and water-based ingredients, stabilizing formulations like lotions, creams, and ointments.
- Improves the texture and body of emulsions, making products feel richer and more luxurious.
- Provides a creamy, opaque appearance to cosmetic formulations such as shampoos and conditioners.
- Leaves a soft, smooth feel on the skin.
- Helps maintain the consistency and shelf life of cosmetic products.
- Enhances the delivery of moisturizing ingredients to the skin.
Hazard:
- When used in cosmetic products according to typical concentrations.
- Can cause mild irritation if used in very high concentrations or on extremely sensitive skin.
- Not classified as a carcinogen or reproductive toxin.
- Environmentally friendly under normal usage levels.
- Approved for use by the FDA and other global regulatory agencies for both food and cosmetic use.
CAS Number: 31566-31-1
INCI Name: Glyceryl Stearate
Composition: Monoester of glycerol and stearic acid
Purity Grade: Cosmetic Grade / Food Grade / Pharmaceutical Grade available depending on supplier.
Appearance: White to off-white waxy flakes, beads, or powder.
Solubility: Insoluble in water.
Preservation:Self-preserving.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
Raw Material Sources: Plant-based oils (e.g., soybean, palm, or coconut oil) for stearic acid and glycerol.
Manufacture: Produced by esterification of glycerol with stearic acid under controlled conditions (temperature, catalysts).
Animal Testing: Animal testing depends on supplier and regulatory region.
GMO: GMO-free versions are available.
Vegan: Vegan if derived from plant sources (most cosmetic-grade materials are).Non-vegan risk if sourced from animal fats (uncommon but possible).
Proposition: Not listed under California Proposition 65 for causing cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm.
Warning: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for cosmetic and food use.
Formulatorās Queries, We Answered
1. What is Glycerol Monostearate?
Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) is a fatty acid ester derived from glycerin and stearic acid. It is a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting powder commonly used as an emulsifier, thickening agent, and stabilizer in various personal care products.
2. What is the CAS Number and INCI Name of Glycerol Monostearate?
CAS Number: 31566-31-1 / 123-94-4 (depending on purity and grade)
INCI Name: Glyceryl Stearate
3. What are the primary uses of Glycerol Monostearate in personal care products?
Glycerol Monostearate is widely used as:
An emulsifier in lotions and creams to create a smooth, stable blend of water and oils.
A thickener to improve product texture and feel.
A skin-conditioning agent that leaves the skin feeling soft and smooth.
A stabilizer to extend the shelf life of emulsified products.
4. In which types of personal care products is Glycerol Monostearate commonly found?
It is commonly used in:
Moisturizing creams and lotions
Sunscreens
Hair conditioners
Body butters
Makeup foundations
5. Is Glycerol Monostearate safe for use on the skin?
Yes, Glycerol Monostearate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for cosmetic use. It is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin. However, as with any ingredient, patch testing is recommended for individuals with particularly reactive skin.
6. Is Glycerol Monostearate natural or synthetic?
Glycerol Monostearate can be derived from both natural vegetable oils (such as soy or palm) or produced synthetically. Many suppliers now offer vegetable-based, non-GMO, and sustainably sourced versions suitable for natural and organic formulations.
7. Does Glycerol Monostearate have any moisturizing benefits?
Yes, Glycerol Monostearate helps form a protective barrier on the skin, reducing moisture loss and helping the skin retain hydration, leading to improved softness and suppleness.
8. Is Glycerol Monostearate suitable for vegan formulations?
When sourced from plant-based materials, Glycerol Monostearate is suitable for vegan and cruelty-free formulations. Always verify the source with your supplier.
9. What are the recommended usage levels of Glycerol Monostearate in formulations?
Typical usage rates in personal care formulations range from 1% to 5%, depending on the desired effect (e.g., light emulsification versus thickening).
10. How should Glycerol Monostearate be stored?
It should be stored in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture to maintain its stability and performance.