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SOL-HYD-01

Hydroquinone

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SIZE: 300g
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Hydroquinone acts as a skin depigmentation agent by inhibiting melanin synthesis. It inhibits the conversion of L-3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to melanin by inhibiting tyrosinase due to its structural similarity to an analog of melanin precursors.

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General Description:

Hydroquinone is a white, crystalline compound known for its powerful skin-lightening and depigmenting properties. It works by inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase, which is essential in the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Hydroquinone is synthetically produced and has been widely used in dermatology and cosmetic products to treat hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma, age spots, and post-inflammatory pigmentation. It is typically available in concentrations up to 2% for over-the-counter products in some countries, and in higher strengths under prescription. Despite its efficacy, its use in cosmetics is tightly regulated or banned in certain regions due to safety concerns.

Uses in the Cosmetics Industry:

Hydroquinone is primarily used in:

Skin-lightening creams and serums to reduce the appearance of dark spots and uneven skin tone.
Treatments for melasma, freckles, and other forms of hyperpigmentation.
Prescription-only dermatological formulations in combination with other active ingredients such as retinoids or corticosteroids to enhance results.
Products marketed for skin brightening, though often under strict medical supervision or regulation.
Its ability to deliver visible and targeted results makes it a sought-after ingredient in professional and clinical skincare, despite increasing scrutiny.

Side Effects & Hazards:

Hydroquinone has raised safety concerns due to potential side effects such as skin irritation, redness, dryness, and in rare cases, ochronosis (a bluish-black skin discoloration with long-term use). It is also suspected of having carcinogenic potential when used improperly or over long periods, especially in high concentrations. As a result, its use is banned or restricted in several countries (such as in the EU and parts of Asia) and is typically allowed only under prescription in places like the U.S. During manufacturing and handling, Hydroquinone should be treated with care—avoiding inhalation, ingestion, or prolonged skin contact. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats should be used. It should be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dark, and well-ventilated area, as the substance is sensitive to light and air and can degrade over time.

CAS Number: 123-31-9

INCI Name: Hydroquinone

Composition: 1,4-dihydroxybenzene; a phenolic compound with antioxidant and skin-lightening properties

PurityGrade: Pharmaceutical/Cosmetic/Analytical Grade (varies by application and region)

Appearance: White to off-white crystalline solid or powder

Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohol, and ether

Preservation: Not typically preserved; highly reactive and may require stabilizers (e.g., sodium metabisulfite) to prevent oxidation in formulations

Storage: Store in a cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers; protect from light, air, and heat to prevent oxidation and degradation

Raw Material Sources: Synthesized chemically from benzene derivatives, typically petrochemical-based

Manufacture: Produced via hydroxylation of benzene or aniline derivatives through industrial chemical processes

Animal Testing: Subject to regional regulations; may be tested for safety in pharmaceutical or regulated cosmetic contexts

GMO: Not derived from genetically modified organisms

Vegan: Yes; synthetic and not derived from animal products

Proposition: Listed under California Proposition 65 for potential cancer risk; strict usage limits apply in the U.S. and EU

Warning: Can cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, and ochronosis (blue-black pigmentation) with prolonged use; restricted or banned in cosmetic products in many countries (e.g., EU); use under medical supervision recommended

FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

Hydroquinone is an aromatic organic compound widely used in skincare formulations for its skin-lightening properties. It works by inhibiting melanin production, helping to reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation, age spots, melasma, and acne marks.

CAS Number: 123-31-9
INCI Name: Hydroquinone

Effectively reduces dark spots, melasma, and uneven skin tone

Inhibits tyrosinase, the enzyme responsible for melanin synthesis
Promotes a brighter, more even complexion
Often used in targeted treatments and brightening serums

Hydroquinone is typically found in:
Dark spot correctors
Skin brightening serums
Hyperpigmentation treatment creams
Prescription and over-the-counter fade creams

In over-the-counter (OTC) products: up to 2%


In prescription formulations: up to 4% or higher under medical supervision
Note: Always follow regional regulatory limits.

Hydroquinone is regulated for safety and considered effective when used within approved limits. However, long-term or unsupervised use may cause skin irritation or ochronosis (skin darkening). It's not recommended for prolonged use without professional guidance.

USA: Permitted up to 2% OTC
EU: Banned in cosmetic products (only allowed in drugs)
India, Asia, Africa: Often regulated and allowed in specific concentrations
Always check local regulatory guidelines before formulating with Hydroquinone.

Hydroquinone may be too strong for sensitive or damaged skin. It should be used cautiously and usually in combination with moisturizers or under dermatologist supervision, especially for dark skin tones prone to irritation.